Fottea 2025, 25(1):91-104 | DOI: 10.5507/fot.2024.013

Desmonostoc cockrellii sp. nov. (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria): a new record of a subaerophytic species from The Habitat Penang Hill, Malaysia

Billy Lim Chun Ginn1, 6, Choi Yi Lau1, Nur Afiqah Asma2, Noor Aziah Serri2, Paul Broady3, Peter Convey4, 5, Narongrit Muangmai6, 7, 8, Faradina Merican1*
1 School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia; * Corresponding author e-mail: faradina@usm.my
2 Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
3 School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
4 British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, United Kingdom
5 Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
6 Department of Fishery Biology, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
7 Biodiversity Center Kasetsart University (BDCKU), Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
8 Seto Inland Sea Carbon-neutral Research Center, Hiroshima University (S-CNC), Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan

Subaerophytic cyanobacterial diversity is poorly known in Malaysian rainforests generally and at Penang Hill specifically. A new subaerophytic species of cyanobacteria, Desmonostoc cockrellii sp. nov., was isolated from rocky surfaces along trails in The Habitat Penang Hill, Malaysia. Polyphasic analysis identified unique morphological structures such as larger dimensions of akinetes and bubble formations within colonies grown on agarized medium. Toxin-encoding genes for microcystin, nodularin, cylindrospermopsin, anatoxin-a and saxitoxin were not detected. The 16S rRNA gene phylogeny inferred by both maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference placed our four isolates within the Desmonostoc clade, distinct from previously characterised Desmonostoc species. The length and nucleotide sequences of the secondary structures of Box-B and V2 helices further differentiated them from known members of the genus. Fatty acid profiling showed that saturated fatty acids (53.7-77.5% dwt.) dominated over monosaturated fatty acids (8.6-22% dwt.) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (13.9-24.3% dwt.). The most abundant fatty acids were butyric acid (4:0), palmitic acid (16:0), oleic acid (18:1), γ-linolenic acid (18:3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6). Clear differences were apparent between the different isolates of D. cockrellii sp. nov. in the presence or absence and percentage composition of these fatty acids.

Keywords: Nostocales, polyphasic characterization, subaerophytic, heterocytous, tropical cyanobacteria, fatty acid

Received: July 16, 2024; Revised: November 22, 2024; Accepted: December 3, 2024; Prepublished online: January 24, 2025; Published: April 1, 2025  Show citation

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Lim Chun Ginn, B., Yi Lau, C., Asma, N.A., Serri, N.A., Broady, P., Convey, P., Muangmai, N., & Merican, F. (2025). Desmonostoc cockrellii sp. nov. (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria): a new record of a subaerophytic species from The Habitat Penang Hill, Malaysia. Fottea, 25(1), 91-104. doi: 10.5507/fot.2024.013
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